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Thread: The medical industry and intellectual property

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    Spider Jerusalem Deggial's Avatar
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    Default The medical industry and intellectual property

    Scrooge and intellectual property rights του Joseph E Stiglitz (Nobel Prize in Economics 2001).

    Intellectual property differs from other property—restricting its use is inefficient as it costs nothing for another person to use it. Thomas Jefferson, America's third president, put it more poetically than modern economists (who refer to "zero marginal costs" and "non-rivalrous consumption") when he said that knowledge is like a candle, when one candle lights another it does not diminish from the light of the first. Using knowledge to help someone does not prevent that knowledge from helping others. Intellectual property rights, however, enable one person or company to have exclusive control of the use of a particular piece of knowledge, thereby creating monopoly power. Monopolies distort the economy. Restricting the use of medical knowledge not only affects economic efficiency, but also life itself.

    We tolerate such restrictions in the belief that they might spur innovation, balancing costs against benefits. But the costs of restrictions can outweigh the benefits. It is hard to see how the patent issued by the US government for the healing properties of turmeric, which had been known for hundreds of years, stimulated research. Had the patent been enforced in India, poor people who wanted to use this compound would have had to pay royalties to the United States.

    .....

    Research needs money, but the current system results in limited funds being spent in the wrong way. For instance, the human genome project decoded the human genome within the target timeframe, but a few scientists managed to beat the project so they could patent genes related to breast cancer. The social value of gaining this knowledge slightly earlier was small, but the cost was enormous. Consequently the cost of testing for breast cancer vulnerability genes is high. In countries with no national health service many women with these genes will fail to be tested. In counties where governments will pay for these tests less money will be available for other public health needs.
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    Default Re: The medical industry and intellectual property

    Quote Originally Posted by Deggial
    Scrooge and intellectual property rights του Joseph E Stiglitz (Nobel Prize in Economics 2001).

    Intellectual property differs from other property—restricting its use is inefficient as it costs nothing for another person to use it. Thomas Jefferson, America's third president, put it more poetically than modern economists (who refer to "zero marginal costs" and "non-rivalrous consumption") when he said that knowledge is like a candle, when one candle lights another it does not diminish from the light of the first. Using knowledge to help someone does not prevent that knowledge from helping others. Intellectual property rights, however, enable one person or company to have exclusive control of the use of a particular piece of knowledge, thereby creating monopoly power. Monopolies distort the economy. Restricting the use of medical knowledge not only affects economic efficiency, but also life itself.

    We tolerate such restrictions in the belief that they might spur innovation, balancing costs against benefits. But the costs of restrictions can outweigh the benefits. It is hard to see how the patent issued by the US government for the healing properties of turmeric, which had been known for hundreds of years, stimulated research. Had the patent been enforced in India, poor people who wanted to use this compound would have had to pay royalties to the United States.

    .....

    Research needs money, but the current system results in limited funds being spent in the wrong way. For instance, the human genome project decoded the human genome within the target timeframe, but a few scientists managed to beat the project so they could patent genes related to breast cancer. The social value of gaining this knowledge slightly earlier was small, but the cost was enormous. Consequently the cost of testing for breast cancer vulnerability genes is high. In countries with no national health service many women with these genes will fail to be tested. In counties where governments will pay for these tests less money will be available for other public health needs.
    Sygnomi deggial alla faskeis kai antifaskeis. Den ginetai ti mia na iperaspizesai to neofileleftherismo kai apo tin alli na mi theleis patentes stafarmaka. To parapano keimeno einai endeiktiko tou pos ena group anthropon se ena filelefthero plaisio ekmetaletai tin epikratousa oikonomiki eleftheria gia na afksisei ta kerdi tou me apotelesma na prokyptoun kathares zimies gia tin koinonia me ti morfi apoleias ygeias. Einai apo ta klassika epixeirimata enantion tou neofileleftherismou, ton opoio opos les apodexesai.

    Stin periptosi pou katargithoun oi patentes farmakon, pos proteineis na xrimatodotithei i ereuna? Apo kratiki xrimatodotisi? Tote so much for your neoliberalism


    BTW to parapano fainomeno isxyei se pollous tomeis opou i oikonomiki zoi epireazei tin koinonia (perivallon, morfosi, anergia) mesa se filelefthera plaisia, mono pou ekei anti na pethainoun indoi, lionoun oi pagoi/menoun amorfotoi oi perissoteroi ftoxoi/menei anergos o aneidikeutos. O fileleftherismos odigei anapofeukta se katastaseis san afti pou stiliteveis, DEN ginetai na exeis kai oikonomiki eleftheria kai koinoniki euaisthisia, einai i to ena i to allo SIMPLE AS THAT.
    Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influences, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist.
    J. M. Keynes.

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    epeidi fetos exw mathima intellectual property law tha mporousa na parathesw paradeigmata tou xaous pou yparxei sthn yparxousa nomothesia alla den exw ta vivlia mou edw. epifilasomai gia meta tis giortes.

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    Spider Jerusalem Deggial's Avatar
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    Default Re: The medical industry and intellectual property

    Quote Originally Posted by katwrimos
    Sygnomi deggial alla faskeis kai antifaskeis. Den ginetai ti mia na iperaspizesai to neofileleftherismo kai apo tin alli na mi theleis patentes stafarmaka. To parapano keimeno einai endeiktiko tou pos ena group anthropon se ena filelefthero plaisio ekmetaletai tin epikratousa oikonomiki eleftheria gia na afksisei ta kerdi tou me apotelesma na prokyptoun kathares zimies gia tin koinonia me ti morfi apoleias ygeias. Einai apo ta klassika epixeirimata enantion tou neofileleftherismou, ton opoio opos les apodexesai.
    Κατ' αρχήν, δεν είμαι αντίθετος με τα διπλώματα ευρεσιτεχνίας.
    Ωστόσο, τόσο τα διπλώματα ευρεσιτεχνίας όσο και οι νόμοι περί πνευματικών δικαιωμάτων στην παρούσα κατάσταση τους στις ΗΠΑ είναι προβληματικά και χρειάζονται μία θεμελιωτική αλλαγή κι όχι μπαλώματα σε νόμους οι οποίοι δεν συμβαδίζουν πλέον ούτε με τις ανάγκες της ελεύθερης αγοράς, ούτε με την τεχνολογική εξέλιξη. Μία ιστορική αναδρομή, αν θελήσεις να ασχοληθείς με το θέμα, δείχνει μία τάση για όλο και αυστηρότερο θεσμικό πλαίσιο που εγγυάται το μονοπώλιο μίας ιδέας για υπερβολικά μεγάλο χρονικό διάστημα.

    Στην παρούσα φάση, οι πατέντες δημιουργούν μονοπωλιακές πρακτικές κι αυτό, προφανώς, δεν ωφελεί την ελεύθερη αγορά. Την στιγμή που οι πατέντες, τόσο στην φαρμακοβιομηχανία όσο και σε άλλους κλάδους, δεν εξυπηρετούν τους σκοπούς από τους οποίους εξαρχής προέρχονται, ποιό το νόημα τους;

    Και σαφώς δεν είμαι υποχρεωμένος οι πεποιθήσεις μου να ταυτίζονται με κάποιου είδους "ορθόδοξο" φιλελευθερισμό, ούτε πρόκειται να υπερασπιστώ κάτι που στην πράξη δε δουλεύει απλώς και μόνο λόγω ιδεολογίας.
    No trees were killed to send this message, but a large number of electrons were terribly inconvenienced.

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    Η ελεύθερη αγορά οδηγεί με μαθματική ακρίβεια σε μονοπώλια μέσα από έναν άνισο ανταγωνισμο. Και αυτά τα μονοπώλια μετά θα φτιάχνουν νόμους κομμένους και ραμμένους στα μέτρα τους (βλ. ΠΟΕ).

    Είναι σαν το σόφισμα της ελευθερίας να κάνω ό,τι θέλω. Οδηγεί τελικά την κατάργηση κάθε ελευθερίας από το δίκαιο του ισχυρότερου που θα δημιουργηθεί και επιβληθεί από τις περιστάσεις.
    Ξέρετε γιατί όταν κάνετε μπάνιο στον Αμαζόνιο πρέπει να φοράτε... προφυλακτικό;

    http://www.trollart.com/sound/candiru/index.html




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    Πώς 8α μπορούσε όμως να συνδυαστεί μια anti-trust νομο8ετική πολιτική σε συνδυασμό με την ύπαρξη πατεντών;

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    Default Re: The medical industry and intellectual property

    Quote Originally Posted by katwrimos
    Stin periptosi pou katargithoun oi patentes farmakon, pos proteineis na xrimatodotithei i ereuna? Apo kratiki xrimatodotisi? Tote so much for your neoliberalism
    Swsta, oi loipoi kratikoi poroi einai efteleis at best

    Roufas apo allou, simple as that. Thewritika, panta... Afksaneis ta eksoda mazikwn meswn metaforas, forologia, kaneis to systima paideias idiwtiko 100% kai TSOUP ena meros twn esodwn paei stin Ygeia. Etsi plirwnetai to research. TO an tha klaine alloi meta, allo thema.
    "What's wrong with archaeologists?"
    -"I'm a time traveler, I point and laugh at archaeologists"

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    Default Re: The medical industry and intellectual property

    Quote Originally Posted by Deggial
    Quote Originally Posted by katwrimos
    Sygnomi deggial alla faskeis kai antifaskeis. Den ginetai ti mia na iperaspizesai to neofileleftherismo kai apo tin alli na mi theleis patentes stafarmaka. To parapano keimeno einai endeiktiko tou pos ena group anthropon se ena filelefthero plaisio ekmetaletai tin epikratousa oikonomiki eleftheria gia na afksisei ta kerdi tou me apotelesma na prokyptoun kathares zimies gia tin koinonia me ti morfi apoleias ygeias. Einai apo ta klassika epixeirimata enantion tou neofileleftherismou, ton opoio opos les apodexesai.
    Κατ' αρχήν, δεν είμαι αντίθετος με τα διπλώματα ευρεσιτεχνίας.
    Ωστόσο, τόσο τα διπλώματα ευρεσιτεχνίας όσο και οι νόμοι περί πνευματικών δικαιωμάτων στην παρούσα κατάσταση τους στις ΗΠΑ είναι προβληματικά και χρειάζονται μία θεμελιωτική αλλαγή κι όχι μπαλώματα σε νόμους οι οποίοι δεν συμβαδίζουν πλέον ούτε με τις ανάγκες της ελεύθερης αγοράς, ούτε με την τεχνολογική εξέλιξη. Μία ιστορική αναδρομή, αν θελήσεις να ασχοληθείς με το θέμα, δείχνει μία τάση για όλο και αυστηρότερο θεσμικό πλαίσιο που εγγυάται το μονοπώλιο μίας ιδέας για υπερβολικά μεγάλο χρονικό διάστημα.

    Στην παρούσα φάση, οι πατέντες δημιουργούν μονοπωλιακές πρακτικές κι αυτό, προφανώς, δεν ωφελεί την ελεύθερη αγορά. Την στιγμή που οι πατέντες, τόσο στην φαρμακοβιομηχανία όσο και σε άλλους κλάδους, δεν εξυπηρετούν τους σκοπούς από τους οποίους εξαρχής προέρχονται, ποιό το νόημα τους;

    Και σαφώς δεν είμαι υποχρεωμένος οι πεποιθήσεις μου να ταυτίζονται με κάποιου είδους "ορθόδοξο" φιλελευθερισμό, ούτε πρόκειται να υπερασπιστώ κάτι που στην πράξη δε δουλεύει απλώς και μόνο λόγω ιδεολογίας.
    se genikes grammes simfono mazi sou. Omos den mou apantises sto pos proteineis na xrimatodotithei i ereuna gia nea farmaka, an alaksei to kathestos gia tis patentes?
    Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influences, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist.
    J. M. Keynes.

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    Deggi:

    File not found.
    "What's wrong with archaeologists?"
    -"I'm a time traveler, I point and laugh at archaeologists"

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